The Right to Privacy
Privacy is protected by law in many countries and by international law. Read section 5.3, which discusses privacy rights and the laws that protect privacy. Make note of what is considered to be privacy and what is protected by the US constitution, by the United Nations (UN), and by the European Union (EU).
1. The right to privacy
1.3. The right to privacy: supranational law
Since 2009, when the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (CFREU) came into force, the protection of human rights has gained even more traction, adding a second European Court with competence to test legislation, decisions and actions against a catalogue of human rights. This protection, offered at the level of supranational law, is applicable whenever MSs "are implementing Union law" (art. 51 CFREU). As human rights developed with the rise of the modern state, they further developed with the rise of supranational jurisdiction. The prevailing powers of the institutions of the EU demand countervailing powers in the form of supranational fundamental rights.