Essential Terms

Sources that are written by experts, often professors or researchers with advanced degrees and professional expertise, and are produced for other experts in their field.

This refers to the degree that the information is free from error and can be verified by other reliable sources.

These listeners focus on tasks, and they want to know what the speaker wants them to do with the information. They prefer organized, direct messages.

This is the process of purposeful, intentional, and motivated listening whereby the listener strives to understand a speaker's message, distinct from the involuntary act of hearing.

This principle requires providing sufficient support for claims through necessary definitions and high-quality evidence.

Entertaining speeches that are lighthearted speeches given after a formal meal, often aligned with the theme of the event.

This is where the speaker takes responsibility for a transgression, expresses genuine remorse, and offers restitution to repair credibility.

These techniques are designed to pique audience interest, build rapport, and set the stage for the speech's topic.

Research regarding the group of people a speaker will make their presentation to.

This form of communication apprehension is associated with anxiety brought on by the group of people being addressed by the speaker.