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  • CS403: Introduction to Modern Database Systems
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  • Data Models
    Course Introduction
    Course Syllabus
    Unit 1: Introduction to Modern Database Systems
    1.1: Characteristics of Databases
    Before the Advent of Database Systems
    Fundamental Concepts and Benefits of a Database
    Introduction to Database Systems
    1.2: Database Environments
    Database Models
    Types of Data Models and Data Modeling
    Elements of Database Systems
    1.3: Classifying Database Management Systems
    Classification of Database Management Systems
    Comparison of NoSQL Database Management Systems and Models
    Classifying Database Management Systems: Regular and NoSQL
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 2: Database Architecture and Date Languages
    2.1: Databases and the Three-Schema Architecture
    Three-Schema Architecture
    Data Modeling and a Framework for Database System Design
    2.2: Tables, Views, and Indexes
    The Relational Data Model
    Relational Databases
    Introduction to Relational Databases
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 3: The History of Databases
    3.1: Before Computers
    A Brief History of Databases
    History of Databases
    3.2: The Four Revelations
    Database Models
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 4: The Entity-Relationship Model
    4.1: Why Use an E-R Model?
    Conceptual Designs
    4.2: E-R Elements and Symbols
    The Entity-Relationship Data Model
    Entity-Relationships
    Data Modeling: Entity-Relationship (E-R)
    Data Models
    Introduction to the Entity-Relationship Model
    4.3: The Enhanced E-R Model
    The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
    Advanced Topics in E-R Modeling
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 5: The Relational Database Model
    5.1: The Relational Model at a Glance
    The Relational Data Model
    The Relational Database Model
    5.2: Mapping an E-R Diagram to a Relation
    ER Model to Relational Mapping
    Integrity Rules and Constraints
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 6: Relational Algebra
    6.1: Basic Operations
    Relational Algebra
    The Relational Database Model
    Relational Algebra
    6.2: Derived Operations
    Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
    SQL Data Manipulation Language
    6.3: Set Operations
    The Relational Database Model
    6.4: Aggregate Functions
    The Structured Query Language
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Unit 7: Introduction to Data Normalization
    7.1: Defining Normalization
    Database Normalization
    Normalization
    Normalized Database Design
    Entity Relationship Diagrams
    7.2: Anomalies
    Data Anomalies
    7.3: Functional Dependencies
    Functional Dependencies
    7.4: From 1NF to BCNF
    Normalizing a Relation to BCNF Based on Functional Dependencies
    Unit 7 Assessment
    Unit 7 Assessment
    Unit 8: Introduction to SQL
    8.1: What is SQL?
    Introduction to SQL
    Another Introduction to SQL
    8.2: Data Definition Language (DDL)
    SQL Structured Query Language
    SQL Tutorial
    Drop Table
    Alter Table
    8.3: Column- and Table-Level Constraints
    SQL Tutorial
    8.4: Data Manipulation Language (DML)
    SQL Tutorial
    SQL Insert, Update, and Delete Commands
    Unit 8 Assessment
    Unit 8 Assessment
    Unit 9: Basic Select Statements
    9.1: Basic Select Statements
    SQL Tutorial
    PostgreSQL Tutorial: AND, OR, NOT
    9.2: Special Operators
    SQL LIKE Operator
    SQL BETWEEN Operator
    SQL: Using WHERE Clause with NOT LIKE Operator and Escape Character
    MySQL SELECT Statement
    Select (SQL)
    SQL ORDER BY Clause
    Unit 9 Assessment
    Unit 9 Assessment
    Unit 10: The Join Statement
    10.1: Introduction
    INNER JOIN
    SQL Data Manipulation Language
    SQL JOINS
    Aggregates and JOINs
    10.2: Inner Joins
    Inner vs. Outer Joins in SQL
    SQL INNER JOIN
    10.3: Outer Joins
    SQL OUTER JOIN
    SQL RIGHT JOIN
    SQL Full Outer Join
    10.4: The Group By Clause
    GROUP BY
    SQL GROUP BY Clause
    10.5: Assessment
    SQL Exercises
    Unit 10 Assessment
    Unit 10 Assessment
    Study Guide
    CS403 Study Guide
    Course Feedback Survey
    Course Feedback Survey
    Certificate Final Exam
    CS403: Certificate Final Exam
    Archived Materials
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  1. CS403: Introduction to Modern Database Systems
  2. Unit 4: The Entity-Relationship Model
  3. 4.2: E-R Elements and Symbols
  4. Data Models

Data Models

Completion requirements

Review these slides, which give an E-R example in the form of an aircraft database. The notes also give a list of rules for interpreting the model.

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Saylor Academy © 2010-2025 except as otherwise noted. Excluding course final exams, content authored by Saylor Academy is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Third-party materials are the copyright of their respective owners and shared under various licenses. See detailed licensing information. Saylor Academy®, Saylor.org®, and Harnessing Technology to Make Education Free® are trade names of the Constitution Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization through which our educational activities are conducted.