MA121: Introduction to Statistics

5.1: Elements of Hypothesis Testing

• 5.1.1: Setting up Hypotheses

  • Setting Up Hypotheses Book

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    This section discusses the logic behind hypothesis testing using concrete examples and explains how to set up null and alternative hypothesis. It explains what Type I and II errors are and how they can occur. Finally, it introduces one-tailed and two-tailed tests and explains which one you should use for testing purposes.

• 5.1.2: Interpreting Hypotheses Testing Results

  • The Observed Significance of a Test Book

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    This section explains what the observed significance of a test is, including how to compute and use it in the p-value approach.
  • Results Book

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    First, this section discusses whether rejection of the null hypothesis should be an all-or-none proposition. Then, it discusses how to interpret non-significant results; for example, it explains why the null hypothesis should not be accepted or should be accepted with caution. It also describes how a non-significant result can increase confidence that the null hypothesis is false.
    

  • Hypothesis Testing with One Sample Book

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    Read this section on the two types of errors in hypothesis testing and some examples of each.
  • More on Hypothesis Testing Page

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    Watch these videos on hypothesis testing.
    

• 5.1.3: Steps in Hypothesis Testing and Its Relation to Confidence Intervals

  • Steps and Confidence Intervals in Hypothesis Testing Book

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    This section lists four key steps in hypothesis testing and explains the close relationship between confidence intervals and significance tests.