BUS603: Managing People

Destructive leadership measures

Exploitative leadership was assessed with the full 15-item exploitative leadership scale developed by Schmid. Abusive supervision was measured according to the full 15-item abusive supervision scale by Tepper. Organization-directed destructive leader behaviors were captured with the measure developed by Thoroughgood. Sample items can be seen in the description of measures in Study 1. Respondents rated the frequency of destructive leader behaviors on a five-point scale ranging from 1 ("not at all") to 5 ("frequently if not always").

Outcome measures

For the outcomes (i.e., emotions and turnover), we used the same items with the same response format as in Study 1.