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  • PHIL102: Introduction to Critical Thinking and Logic
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  • Course data
    Course Introduction
    Course Introduction Video
    Course Syllabus
    Unit 1: Introduction and Meaning Analysis
    1.1: Introduction to Critical Thinking
    1.2: Meaning Analysis
    1.3: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
    1.4: Thinking Critically About Ordinary Language
    1.5: Assessing Sources
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 2: Argument Analysis
    2.1: What Are Arguments?
    2.2: How to Tell an Argument from a Non-Argument
    2.3: Good Argument Form
    2.4: Visualizing How Arguments Work
    2.5: Analogical Arguments
    2.6: Valid Argument Patterns
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 3: Basic Sentential Logic
    3.1: The Basics of Logic
    3.2: Logical Statements, Connectives, and Relations
    3.3: Logic Puzzles
    3.4: How to Write Sentences in Sentential Logic
    3.5: Connectives and Truth Tables
    3.6: How to Draw Truth Tables for More Complicated Statements
    3.7: Properties of Individual Well-Formed Formulas and Relations Between Them
    3.8: Understanding Truth Tables
    3.9: How to Translate Ordinary Statements into Symbolic Formulae
    3.10: Formalization Practice
    3.11: Two Methods for Determining the Validity of an Argument
    3.12: Why Sentential Logic Is Not Enough
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 4: Venn Diagrams
    4.1: Introduction to Venn Diagrams
    4.2: More Complicated Venn Diagrams
    4.3: Illustrating Experience with Venn Diagrams
    4.4: Review of Introduction to Venn Diagrams
    4.5: Using Venn Diagrams to Evaluate Syllogisms
    4.6: Understanding the Logic of Venn Diagrams
    4.7: The Limitations of Venn Diagrams
    4.8: Review of Venn Diagrams and Arguments
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 5: Fallacies
    5.1: Introduction to Fallacies
    5.2: Types of Fallacies
    5.3: Straw Man Fallacy
    5.4: Gambler's Fallacy
    5.5: Begging the Question
    5.6: Red Herring
    5.7: Ad Hominem (Against the Person)
    5.8: Ad Ignorantium (Appeal to Ignorance)
    5.9: Ad Populum (Appeal to the People)
    5.10: Complex Question (Double-Barreled Question)
    5.11: Loaded Question
    5.12: Non Sequitur (It Does Not Follow)
    5.13: Cognitive Biases
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 6: Scientific Reasoning
    6.1: The Basic Principles of Scientific Reasoning
    6.2: The Question of Causality
    6.3: Causality Is More than Just Cause and Effect
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Unit 7: Strategic Reasoning and Creativity
    7.1: Strategic Reasoning
    7.2: Creative Thinking
    Unit 7 Assessment
    Study Guide
    Certificate Final Exam
    Saylor Direct Credit
    Course Feedback Survey
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  • All categories
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  • Art History
  • Communication
  • English
  • Philosophy
  • Business Administration
  • Computer Science
  • English as a Second Language
Professional Development
  • Business and Communication
  • College Success
  • Computer and Information Technology
  • General Knowledge for Teachers
  • Writing and Soft Skills
Science and Mathematics
  • Biology
  • Chemistry
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
Social Science
  • Economics
  • Geography
  • History
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Sociology
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    PHIL102: Introduction to Critical Thinking and Logic

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    Saylor Academy © 2010-2026 except as otherwise noted. Excluding course final exams, content authored by Saylor Academy is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Third-party materials are the copyright of their respective owners and shared under various licenses. See detailed licensing information. Saylor Academy®, Saylor.org®, and Harnessing Technology to Make Education Free® are trade names of the Constitution Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization through which our educational activities are conducted.