3.6: The Opium Wars and Western Imperialism
The so-called period of New Imperialism during the late 1800s and early 1900s represented a second wave of European expansion and colonialism, joined by the United States and the newly industrialized country of Japan. This period began with the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, where the European powers defined their spheres of influence by carving up Africa and parts of Asia. It reflected a new rivalry among the European powers who sought new supplies of natural resources, commercial markets, and military outposts. It also reflected a belief in the "civilizing ethos" which Rudyard Kipling expressed in his poem, "The White Man's Burden".
Read this article about the two Opium Wars. It offers an overview of both Opium Wars, their causes, and their outcomes.
Read these excellent details about the events and players involved. Feel free to peruse the other tabs as well.