More on JavaScript Operators

Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand. The simple assignment operator is equal (=), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x.

There are also compound assignment operators that are shorthand for the operations listed in the following table:

Name	Shorthand operator	Meaning
Assignment	x = y	x = y
Addition assignment	x += y	x = x + y
Subtraction assignment	x -= y	x = x - y
Multiplication assignment	x *= y	x = x * y
Division assignment	x /= y	x = x / y
Remainder assignment	x %= y	x = x % y
Exponentiation assignment	x **= y	x = x ** y
Left shift assignment	x <<= y	x = x << y
Right shift assignment	x >>= y	x = x >> y
Unsigned right shift assignment	x >>>= y	x = x >>> y
Bitwise AND assignment	x &= y	x = x & y
Bitwise XOR assignment	x ^= y	x = x ^ y
Bitwise OR assignment	x |= y	x = x | y
Logical AND assignment	x &&= y	x && (x = y)
Logical OR assignment	x ||= y	x || (x = y)
Logical nullish assignment	x ??= y	x ?? (x = y)

Return value and chaining

Like most expressions, assignments like x = y have a return value. It can be retrieved by e.g. assigning the expression or logging it:

const z = (x = y); // Or equivalently: const z = x = y;

console.log(z); // Log the return value of the assignment x = y.
console.log(x = y); // Or log the return value directly.

The return value matches the expression to the right of the = sign in the "Meaning" column of the table above. That means that (x = y) returns y, (x += y) returns the resulting sum x + y, (x **= y) returns the resulting power x ** y, and so on.

In the case of logical assignments, (x &&= y), (x ||= y), and (x ??= y), the return value is that of the logical operation without the assignment, so x && y, x || y, and

Note that the return values are always based on the operands' values before the operation.

When chaining these expressions, each assignment is evaluated right-to-left. Consider these examples:

• w = z = x = y is equivalent to w = (z = (x = y)) or x = y; z = y; w = y
• z += x *= y is equivalent to z += (x *= y) or tmp = x * y; x *= y; z += tmp (except without the tmp).

Destructuring

For more complex assignments, the destructuring assignment syntax is a JavaScript expression that makes it possible to extract data from arrays or objects using a syntax that mirrors the construction of array and object literals.

var foo = ['one', 'two', 'three'];

// without destructuring
var one   = foo[0];
var two   = foo[1];
var three = foo[2];

// with destructuring
var [one, two, three] = foo;