How Ethical Leadership Shapes Employees' Readiness to Change

Data Analysis

SPSS 24.0 was used to (1) obtain descriptive statistics and (2) run an exploratory factor analysis to examine the potential for common method variance in the data. Then, for the testing of hypotheses, PROCESS was used. The hypotheses were tested through running bias-corrected bootstrap analyses at a 99% level of significance (using 5,000 subsamples) via Hayes' PROCESS macros with PROCESS v2.10. While bootstrapping treats the original sample as the population, this method resamples (with replacement) observations from within that sample thousands of times over to generate sample-based estimates of the population values. This method is suitable for mediation as it helps to estimate indirect effects, confidence intervals, and standard error.