Three Nightmare Traits in Leaders

Attrition

Another possible outcome of the TNT is a person's voluntary or involuntary attrition (outcome activation). Meta-analyses and longitudinal studies have shown that job performance is negatively related to turnover, and this relation seems to be true even when turnover is involuntary. Consequently, organizations seem to rely to some extent on job performance indicators to discharge dysfunctional personnel. However, as noted above, some TNT employees, such as psychopaths, seem to be found relatively frequently in the boardroom, suggesting that not all organizations are able to adequately deal with low performing managers. Research suggests that organizations that have a highly developed HR system with high selection rates and performance-contingent rewards have a stronger relation between job performance and turnover, and thus more extensive HR systems may be associated with a reduced chance for TNT employees to turn into TNT boardroom members.