Citizen-Driven Innovation

Read this guidebook, which explores smart cities through a lens that promotes citizens as the driving force of urban innovation. It presents different models of smart cities that show how citizen-centric methods can mobilize resources to respond innovatively to challenges in governance. The living lab approach encourages agile development and the rapid prototyping of ideas in a decentralized and user-centric manner. How can mayors and public administrators create partnerships that drive value in their communities through citizen-driven innovation? How can sustainability be integrated into municipal strategies and solutions? How can city leaders join forces to learn and network globally?

Co-designing Solutions - Chapter 3

2. Co-design Service Concepts

To move towards more formally constructed co-design procedures, you should define the key actors to lead and own the process (it doesn't necessarily have to be the city government), and the timeframe for the design phase. You then need to select one or more methods, for instance open, on-line 'challenges' where you define a problem and allow self-forming groups to propose several service concepts or structured, intensive, face-to-face co-design formats such as a weekend jam or hackathon. Whatever your method, you need to be sure before you start that you are ready to follow up with the necessary commitments: the resources need to be real, innovative administrative procedures required to support the new ideas will have to be carried out, and results and benefits will need to be measured.

One of the most important steps you can probably take is to make the data held in your administration publicly available, according to the Open Data paradigm. Most public administrations severely underestimate the hidden potential of the information they capture, generate, and manage, allowing the politics of information-as-power to hinder steps towards transparency. As the technology platforms for publishing and accessing Open Data become more widespread and easy to use, and as the evidence of innovative services spreads, it is clear that a city's Open Data policy is an increasingly important enabler of citizen-driven innovation and one of the key commitments your administration should be making.

Box 26

Shared Digital Services

The Haaga-Helia Living Lab designs new mobile and cloud-based solutions, by getting small organizations, companies, and citizens to work together. The new advanced technologies and cloud-based platforms make it possible to create shared digital services in a more cost effective way.

"One of the most important steps you can probably take is to make the data held in your administration publicly available according to the Open Data paradigm".

All of these commitments need to be clearly stated from the outset, as they are the necessary pre-conditions for the effective engagement needed to make citizen-driven codesign work. Once you have made your commitments from the public side, you have a right to expect similar commitments from the private side – for instance from the business community – if that has been identified as key for the success of the innovation path. As you move towards the actual process or event, it is equally important that you take additional steps to ensure open governance and fairness, listening to and supporting the participation of the weaker actors with motivation and empowerment to avoid that the co-design and co-decision process is not high-jacked by the stronger players. Remember, only by ensuring open and fair participation will the full creative potential of your territory emerge to address the problem at hand.

Case Story
Service Monitoring In Maputo

Description

Context

Challenges

The MOPA Service Monitoring System is designed to engage citizens in helping the city administration monitor the quality of service delivery, especially when contracted to third parties. In the case of Maputo, an experimental platform is being tested in the area of solid waste management.

Maputo is Mozambique's capital and largest city, with a population of over 1.2 million inhabitants. The City of Maputo faces challenges providing adequate public services, especially in its low-income peri-urban neighborhoods.

The Maputo Municipal Council (CMM) has worked to expand and improve solid waste management (SWM) services with the support of the World Bank and several bilateral donors. Quality and coverage, however, continue to lag behind expectations; in part due to CMM's difficulty in monitoring service delivery by contracted SWM firms.

 

Actions

Results

Impacts

Scaling Up

Through a 2014 Innovation Grant, the World Bank developed the beta-version of Ntxuva,50 a software platform that provides visualizations and statistics from citizen-provided information about urban services. The platform is designed to collect information from citizens via SMS, mobile app, and Web Portal; a voice interface in local languages is foreseen to enhance access by less educated, poorer populations.

Ntxuva will be piloted in early 2015. Reports tailored to stakeholder needs and preferences will be provided to municipal service managers and governing officials, to firms providing SWM services, and to citizens and civil society organizations. Scale-up and roll-out are planned for 2015-16.

To overcome entry barriers for often marginalized and under-served peri-urban populations, Ntxuva will manage information from both designated citizen-monitors and spontaneous crowd-sourced reports. The project also promotes engagement among the local software development/innovation community including firms, universities, and independent hackers/programmers.

All service related information is publicly available through an Open Data API compliant with Open311 - a widely known standard for citizen reporting used in more than 60 US and European cities. Ntxuva is based on existing Open Source solutions (Mark-a-Spot, a Drupal distribution for Open311 as well as VoIP Drupal for SMS integration) and its source code is publicly available via Github.