Five Models for Understanding Team Dynamics

There are various ways to analyze and study group development. This resource starts by reviewing the Tuckman linear model of group development, which is rarely used to form groups. It then discusses additional models by which groups are evaluated. For example, the DISC model considers the attributes of the team members using descriptors. The GRIP model states that highly effective teams require interpersonal relationships and the ability to be flexible and deal with conflicts. The Thomas-Kilman Conflict Mode model uses a scale of assertiveness versus cooperativeness. Lastly, the Lencioni model emphasizes the importance of trust, commitment, and accountability. Consider your behavior and attributes and how they affect the teams and groups you are a member of.

GRIP Model

Richard Beckhard's GRPI model, originally developed in 1972, has been widely adapted in sports contexts as the GRIP model (see Figure 4.2.4), outlining four interrelated components of highly effective teamwork:

  • Goals: everyone must fully understand and be committed to the goals of the team, and of the organization. Everyone's goals must be aligned in order to establish trust, make progress, and achieve desired outcome.
  • Roles: all team members must know what part they play, what is expected, and how they are held accountable and responsible.
  • Interpersonal: quality communication and collaboration require and foster trust among team members; sensitivity and flexibility needed to deal with conflict and make progress.
  • Processes: defined system for how decisions are made, how the team solves problems and addresses conflict; defines workflow and procedures to be followed in completing the project.
A circle in 4 pieces representing each of the GRIP elements: GOALS, ROLES, INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND PROCESSES
Figure 4.2.4 GRIP Model of teamwork dynamics.