1. Nouns
Who? What?
These are names of people, things, animals, places, ideas — anything you can name.
🔹 Examples: cat, friend, car, love, Moscow
2. Pronouns
They replace nouns.
So we don’t repeat the same words.
🔹 Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, this, that
👉 Instead of: Masha went home. Masha was tired,
we say: Masha went home. She was tired.
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3. Verbs
What is happening? What is someone doing?
These are actions or states.
🔹 Examples: run, read, sleep, think, eat, be
👉 “I read a book.” — read is the verb.
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4. Adverbs
How? Where? When? How much?
They describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
🔹 Examples: quickly, here, yesterday, very, loudly
👉 “He ran quickly.” — quickly tells us how he ran
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5. Conjunctions
They connect words or sentences.
🔹 Examples: and, but, because, if, although
👉 “I want to go outside, but it’s raining.”
👉 “He said that he will come later.”
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6. Interjections
Emotional reactions or sounds.
🔹 Examples: oh!, wow!, hey!, ugh, oops, yay!
👉 “Oops! I dropped my phone.”
👉 “Wow! That’s amazing!”
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7. Articles
Special words used before nouns in English.
They show if something is specific or any.
🔹 Examples:
- a — “any one”: a cat = any cat
- the — “a specific one”: the cat = this exact cat
- an — same as a, used before vowels