There are eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjuction, preposition, and interjection.
Example:
"The boy runs very quickly, because he is late for school."
The = Article
Boy = Noun
Runs = Verb
Very quickly = Adverb
Because = Conjuction
He = Pronoun
Is = Verb (to+be)
Late = Adjective
For school = Perposition+noun