In "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog," nouns (fox, dog) name things, pronouns replace them (none here), verbs (jumps) show action, adjectives (quick, brown, lazy) describe nouns, adverbs (over) modify verbs, prepositions (over) show relationships, conjunctions is to connect ideas, and interjections express emotion.
This lesson taught me how to use the 8 parts of speech in a sentence.