- What is the difference between culture and society? Please provide some examples.
- Discuss the roles nature and nurture play in the formation of the individual.
- Discuss how each of the following influence the socialization process in children: family, peers, and media.
- Define and discuss resocialization.
- Define primary and secondary groups. Then, provide some examples of primary and secondary groups in your social experience.
- Explain technological inequality and issues related to unequal access to technology. Please provide some examples.
- Provide examples of acts that are deviant but NOT criminal; and criminal but NOT deviant.
Unit 2 Discussion
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors that characterize a group or society. It includes things like language, religion, art, music, food, and traditions. Society, on the other hand, refers to a group of individuals who share a common geographic territory and who are connected by social relationships.
For example, in Japanese culture, it is customary to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect. This cultural practice is seen in the broader Japanese society where people typically follow this custom when interacting with others.
Nature and nurture both play significant roles in the formation of an individual. Nature refers to the genetic and biological factors that influence an individual's development. These include traits inherited from parents such as physical appearance or certain health conditions. Nurture refers to the environmental influences on an individual's development such as upbringing, education, social interactions, and experiences.
Family plays a crucial role in the socialization process of children as they are the primary agents of socialization. They teach children values, norms, and behaviors within their specific culture or society. Peers also have a strong impact on socialization as children learn from their friends' attitudes and behaviors. Media has become increasingly influential in shaping children's attitudes, beliefs, and behavior through television shows, movies, advertisements, and online content.
Resocialization refers to the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors when entering a new social environment. It often involves breaking old habits or patterns of behavior and adopting new ones. Examples of resocialization can be found in situations like joining the military or going through rehabilitation programs for drug addicts.
Primary groups are characterized by intimate face-to-face interaction between members who share close personal relationships over an extended period. Examples include families or close-knit friendship circles where there is frequent interaction based on emotional connections. Secondary groups are larger and more impersonal than primary groups. They are formed for specific purposes such as work or education. Examples include classmates, colleagues, or members of a sports team.
Technological inequality refers to the unequal distribution of access to technology based on factors like income, education, and geographic location. It creates disparities in opportunities for individuals or groups to benefit from technological advancements. For example, people living in remote areas with limited internet connectivity may have less access to online educational resources compared to those living in urban areas.
Examples of acts that are deviant but not criminal can include behaviors such as wearing unusual clothing or having unconventional hairstyles. These actions may violate social norms but do not necessarily break any laws. On the other hand, an act that is criminal but not deviant could be driving slightly over the speed limit. While it is against the law, it is considered a common occurrence and does not significantly violate social norms.
For example, in Japanese culture, it is customary to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect. This cultural practice is seen in the broader Japanese society where people typically follow this custom when interacting with others.
Nature and nurture both play significant roles in the formation of an individual. Nature refers to the genetic and biological factors that influence an individual's development. These include traits inherited from parents such as physical appearance or certain health conditions. Nurture refers to the environmental influences on an individual's development such as upbringing, education, social interactions, and experiences.
Family plays a crucial role in the socialization process of children as they are the primary agents of socialization. They teach children values, norms, and behaviors within their specific culture or society. Peers also have a strong impact on socialization as children learn from their friends' attitudes and behaviors. Media has become increasingly influential in shaping children's attitudes, beliefs, and behavior through television shows, movies, advertisements, and online content.
Resocialization refers to the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors when entering a new social environment. It often involves breaking old habits or patterns of behavior and adopting new ones. Examples of resocialization can be found in situations like joining the military or going through rehabilitation programs for drug addicts.
Primary groups are characterized by intimate face-to-face interaction between members who share close personal relationships over an extended period. Examples include families or close-knit friendship circles where there is frequent interaction based on emotional connections. Secondary groups are larger and more impersonal than primary groups. They are formed for specific purposes such as work or education. Examples include classmates, colleagues, or members of a sports team.
Technological inequality refers to the unequal distribution of access to technology based on factors like income, education, and geographic location. It creates disparities in opportunities for individuals or groups to benefit from technological advancements. For example, people living in remote areas with limited internet connectivity may have less access to online educational resources compared to those living in urban areas.
Examples of acts that are deviant but not criminal can include behaviors such as wearing unusual clothing or having unconventional hairstyles. These actions may violate social norms but do not necessarily break any laws. On the other hand, an act that is criminal but not deviant could be driving slightly over the speed limit. While it is against the law, it is considered a common occurrence and does not significantly violate social norms.
What is the difference between culture and society? Please provide some examples.
The difference between a society and a culture is that a society is a group of people who live in a community and share the same culture while a culture shares beliefs and customs. An example of a culture is a gaming culture. This culture consists of gamers that want to talk about mental health, or other experiences that gamers experience.
Discuss the roles nature and nurture play in the formation of the individual.
The role of nature in the formation of the individual is that nature has to do with genetics such as height. The role of nurture in the formation of the individual is that nurture has to do with taking care of the individual, such as giving the individual love and emotional support.
Discuss how each of the following influence the socialization process in children:family, peers, and media.
Family influences the socialization process in children by teaching children what is respectable and what is good to do. Peers influence the socialization process in children by teaching the children emotional awareness and social emotional skills. Finally, the media influences the socialization process by influencing children to choose different beliefs.
Define and discuss resocialization.
The process of teaching someone new norms, values, and practices to help them transfer from one social role to another is known as resocialization. Resocialization can be either voluntary or involuntary, including little or significant changes. An example of resocialization is when you move to a new place and you have to be familiar with the new norms.
Define primary and secondary groups. Then, provide some examples of primary and secondary groups in your social experience.
A primary group is a group that you are emotionally attached to. A secondary group that is a group that you are not emotionally tied to and not related to but the group is together because they want to reach a goal or an achievement. An example of a primary group is a
The difference between a society and a culture is that a society is a group of people who live in a community and share the same culture while a culture shares beliefs and customs. An example of a culture is a gaming culture. This culture consists of gamers that want to talk about mental health, or other experiences that gamers experience.
Discuss the roles nature and nurture play in the formation of the individual.
The role of nature in the formation of the individual is that nature has to do with genetics such as height. The role of nurture in the formation of the individual is that nurture has to do with taking care of the individual, such as giving the individual love and emotional support.
Discuss how each of the following influence the socialization process in children:family, peers, and media.
Family influences the socialization process in children by teaching children what is respectable and what is good to do. Peers influence the socialization process in children by teaching the children emotional awareness and social emotional skills. Finally, the media influences the socialization process by influencing children to choose different beliefs.
Define and discuss resocialization.
The process of teaching someone new norms, values, and practices to help them transfer from one social role to another is known as resocialization. Resocialization can be either voluntary or involuntary, including little or significant changes. An example of resocialization is when you move to a new place and you have to be familiar with the new norms.
Define primary and secondary groups. Then, provide some examples of primary and secondary groups in your social experience.
A primary group is a group that you are emotionally attached to. A secondary group that is a group that you are not emotionally tied to and not related to but the group is together because they want to reach a goal or an achievement. An example of a primary group is a
**Resocialization:**
Resocialization is the process through which individuals undergo significant changes in their values, beliefs, and behaviors as they adapt to a new social environment. This often occurs when individuals experience a shift from one stage of life to another or when they enter new institutions that require different norms and expectations. Resocialization involves unlearning old habits and adopting new ones, with the aim of aligning with the norms and values of the new social setting. Total institutions, such as prisons or military boot camps, are examples where resocialization is intensive and comprehensive.
**Primary and Secondary Groups:**
- **Primary Groups:** These are small, intimate, and long-lasting social groups characterized by close, personal relationships. Members of primary groups engage in face-to-face interactions, and the relationships are often emotionally significant. Family, close friends, and small social circles are typical examples of primary groups. These groups contribute to individuals' emotional well-being, identity formation, and social support.
- **Secondary Groups:** These are larger, more formal, and often temporary social groups formed for specific, task-oriented purposes. Members of secondary groups usually interact in more structured and impersonal ways, with relationships often based on roles rather than personal connections. Examples of secondary groups include work teams, academic study groups, or volunteer organizations. The focus in secondary groups is often on achieving goals rather than emotional intimacy.
**Examples from Personal Experience:**
- **Primary Group Example:** My family serves as a primary group in my social experience. The close, emotional bonds, shared history, and ongoing support contribute to the characteristics of a primary group. The interactions within my family are characterized by personal relationships, and members provide emotional support and a sense of identity.
- **Secondary Group Example:** A project team I worked with during my time at university is an example of a secondary group. While the interactions were goal-oriented and focused on academic tasks, the relationships were more formal and centered around achieving a specific objective. Once the project was completed, the group disbanded, highlighting the temporary nature of secondary groups.
1. Difference between culture and society:
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, norms, and practices of a group of people. It encompasses both material and non-material aspects such as language, rituals, clothing, food, etc. For example, American culture values individualism and freedom of expression, while Japanese culture emphasizes collectivism and harmony.
Society, on the other hand, refers to a group of people who share a common territory and interact with one another. It includes social institutions like family, education, government, etc. Society provides the context within which culture is created, transmitted, and shared.
2. Roles of nature and nurture in individual formation:
Nature refers to the genetic and biological influences on an individual's development, such as inherited traits and predispositions. Nurture refers to the environmental influences, including upbringing, socialization, education, etc.
The interaction between nature and nurture shapes individual development. For example, while genetics may predispose someone to certain traits like intelligence or temperament, their upbringing and social environment (nurture) can significantly influence how these traits manifest.
3. Influence of family, peers, and media on socialization:
Family: Families are the primary agents of socialization, teaching children cultural norms, values, and behaviors from a young age. For example, parents teach children concepts of right and wrong, manners, and gender roles.
Peers: Peers play a crucial role, especially during adolescence, in shaping attitudes, behaviors, and social identities. For example, teenagers may adopt fashion trends, slang, and social norms from their peer groups.
Media: Media, including television, internet, social media, etc., also play a significant role in socialization by providing exposure to cultural values, beliefs, and norms. For example, children may learn about gender roles, consumerism, and cultural stereotypes from media representations.
4. Resocialization:
Resocialization refers to the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors when an individual transitions into a new social context. This often involves letting go of old behaviors and adopting new ones. Examples include entering the military, joining a religious community, or going through rehabilitation programs.
5. Primary and secondary groups:
Primary groups are small, intimate, and characterized by face-to-face interaction and strong emotional ties. Examples include families, close friendships, and small peer groups.
Secondary groups are larger, more formal, and often organized around specific tasks or goals. They are typically more impersonal and focused on achieving objectives. Examples include work teams, clubs, and professional organizations.
6. Technological inequality:
Technological inequality refers to disparities in access to and use of technology based on factors like socioeconomic status, geographic location, age, etc. For example, individuals in rural areas may have limited access to high-speed internet compared to urban dwellers, creating a digital divide.
Another example is unequal access to education due to lack of resources like computers and internet access, which can hinder students' ability to learn and succeed.
7. Acts that are deviant but not criminal; and criminal but not deviant:
Deviant but not criminal: Examples include violating social norms like dressing inappropriately for a formal event, talking loudly in a library, or breaking etiquette rules. While these behaviors may be frowned upon or considered inappropriate, they are not illegal.
Criminal but not deviant: This can occur in situations where certain actions are legal within a specific context but may be considered deviant in other cultural or social contexts. For example, smoking marijuana may be legal in some jurisdictions but considered deviant behavior in others.
These concepts provide a foundation for understanding socialization, cultural dynamics, technological advancements, and the complexities of deviance and criminality within society.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, norms, and practices of a group of people. It encompasses both material and non-material aspects such as language, rituals, clothing, food, etc. For example, American culture values individualism and freedom of expression, while Japanese culture emphasizes collectivism and harmony.
Society, on the other hand, refers to a group of people who share a common territory and interact with one another. It includes social institutions like family, education, government, etc. Society provides the context within which culture is created, transmitted, and shared.
2. Roles of nature and nurture in individual formation:
Nature refers to the genetic and biological influences on an individual's development, such as inherited traits and predispositions. Nurture refers to the environmental influences, including upbringing, socialization, education, etc.
The interaction between nature and nurture shapes individual development. For example, while genetics may predispose someone to certain traits like intelligence or temperament, their upbringing and social environment (nurture) can significantly influence how these traits manifest.
3. Influence of family, peers, and media on socialization:
Family: Families are the primary agents of socialization, teaching children cultural norms, values, and behaviors from a young age. For example, parents teach children concepts of right and wrong, manners, and gender roles.
Peers: Peers play a crucial role, especially during adolescence, in shaping attitudes, behaviors, and social identities. For example, teenagers may adopt fashion trends, slang, and social norms from their peer groups.
Media: Media, including television, internet, social media, etc., also play a significant role in socialization by providing exposure to cultural values, beliefs, and norms. For example, children may learn about gender roles, consumerism, and cultural stereotypes from media representations.
4. Resocialization:
Resocialization refers to the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors when an individual transitions into a new social context. This often involves letting go of old behaviors and adopting new ones. Examples include entering the military, joining a religious community, or going through rehabilitation programs.
5. Primary and secondary groups:
Primary groups are small, intimate, and characterized by face-to-face interaction and strong emotional ties. Examples include families, close friendships, and small peer groups.
Secondary groups are larger, more formal, and often organized around specific tasks or goals. They are typically more impersonal and focused on achieving objectives. Examples include work teams, clubs, and professional organizations.
6. Technological inequality:
Technological inequality refers to disparities in access to and use of technology based on factors like socioeconomic status, geographic location, age, etc. For example, individuals in rural areas may have limited access to high-speed internet compared to urban dwellers, creating a digital divide.
Another example is unequal access to education due to lack of resources like computers and internet access, which can hinder students' ability to learn and succeed.
7. Acts that are deviant but not criminal; and criminal but not deviant:
Deviant but not criminal: Examples include violating social norms like dressing inappropriately for a formal event, talking loudly in a library, or breaking etiquette rules. While these behaviors may be frowned upon or considered inappropriate, they are not illegal.
Criminal but not deviant: This can occur in situations where certain actions are legal within a specific context but may be considered deviant in other cultural or social contexts. For example, smoking marijuana may be legal in some jurisdictions but considered deviant behavior in others.
These concepts provide a foundation for understanding socialization, cultural dynamics, technological advancements, and the complexities of deviance and criminality within society.
Society is a group of people who live together and are connected with one another. Culture is the way of living of people living in a particular place or region. An example it is common see baggy jeans in hiphop culture. Hiphop culture created and heavily found in urban society.
The biological and genetic elements that affect a person's development are referred to as their nature. These include characteristics like physical attributes or preexisting medical issues that are passed down from parents. The term "nurture" describes the external factors—such as parenting, education, social interactions, and experiences that impact a person's growth.
Family, peers, and media all significantly influence the socialization process in children. The family provides values, norms, and emotional support, while peers offer social skills and play a role in shaping identity. Media exposes children to diverse ideas and behaviors, but its effects vary. These factors, along with others like school and community, shape children's social development
Resocialization is the process of changing an individual's beliefs, behaviors, and social roles to align with new norms. It can be voluntary or involuntary and involves breaking old patterns, instilling new values, and adopting new behaviors. Factors such as personality, commitment, and support influence its success. Resocialization leads to personal growth and integration into new social environments.
Primary groups are small social groups characterized by close, personal, and intimate relationships that endure over a long period, such as a family or a friendship group.My parentsand children are a part of a primary group which is family. Secondary groups are based on practical interests, goals, or tasks. my coworkers at work are a secondary group.
Technological inequality refers to disparities in access to and use of technology among different groups of people. Examples being digital divide, knowledge gap, job displacement, income inquality and tech boom, access to education, healthcare disparities, gender and racial disparities, and environmental impact.
An example of deviant but not criminal would be public in intoxication. It's not always socially acceptable but it is not a criminal offense. And sample criminal but not deviant to be would be a traffic violation. .
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors that characterize a group or society. It includes things like language, religion, art, music, food, and traditions. Society, on the other hand, refers to a group of individuals who share a common geographic territory and who are connected by social relationships.
For example, in Japanese culture, it is customary to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect. This cultural practice is seen in the broader Japanese society where people typically follow this custom when interacting with others
For example, in Japanese culture, it is customary to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect. This cultural practice is seen in the broader Japanese society where people typically follow this custom when interacting with others
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors that characterize a group or society. It includes things like language, religion, art, music, food, and traditions. Society, on the other hand, refers to a group of individuals who share a common geographic territory and who are connected by social relationships.
For example, in Japanese culture, it is customary to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect. This cultural practice is seen in the broader Japanese society where people typically follow this custom when interacting with others
For example, in Japanese culture, it is customary to bow when greeting someone as a sign of respect. This cultural practice is seen in the broader Japanese society where people typically follow this custom when interacting with others
SOC101 Introduction to Sociology – Unit 2 Culture, The Socialized Self, and the Individual in Society
Discussion Forum 2
by Elvia Luisa Guerra
Culture is a conjunction of shared practices, values, traditions, and beliefs (including religion) that participants learn in society. According to Griffiths & Keirns (n.d.), society refers to a group of people that share a common culture; that is a community, and understanding community as a definable region, be it a neighborhood, a country, or similar. So, while culture are behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions, a society is the group of people that share those behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions. People that celebrate the American Independence Day on July 4th is an example of society, while gathering in open spaces to watch the fireworks late at night, painting their faces with the USA flag, and cheering are the values and tradition that they share in their community or culture. Another example of society can be the Islamic community in different countries in the world, especially in Arab countries which is a group of people that celebrate the Ramadan month and fast once a year. Restraining from eating and drinking during daylight time, spending more time on prayers, attending the Mosques, and gathering with family and friends to eat are the common behaviors or culture of the Muslim society.
In the lifelong process of socialization, which is critical for the individual’s development and their communities, some experts assert that people’s culture and relationships are the result entirely of genetic heritage. The role that genetic heritage plays on the individual behavior is called nature role and directly influence our temperament, preferences, abilities, and personality. Moreover, aspects like heritable differences like dominant and recessive genes can cause genetic variation too hence variations in the nature role. Other experts argue that people are the result of socialization in specific social groups and their culture and beliefs. The role that the environment plays on the individual is called the nurture role and potentially affect their personality and even decisions. Nevertheless, although genetics or nature will determine in a high degree personality traits, this is subject to strong variations depending on what conditions in the environment nurture the individual causing different outcomes (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.b).
Consequently, different groups of socialization such as family, peers, and media will shape the way children learn to use their genetic heritage or personality. Family is generally the most influential group of socialization and play a relevant role in creating patterns of behavior in the new individual that instilled during the first five years of life, it will last for the rest of their life. Furthermore, it is the family that teaches the child basic behaviors and how to socialize with friends and the external world such as media. Family contribution to the child relies on financial position, social class, education level, ethnicity, and religion among other factors. Peers is the socialization group that is composed by kids of approximately the same age, activities, and common interests. In this group, kids learn society rules such as respecting rules in the group, considering other kids’ decisions and taking turns, etc. Peers belong to external social groups which encourage independence from family as well. Media for kids can encompass television, radio, newspapers and magazines, and the internet. Media can re-socialize kids and even change social norms depending on the time they are allowed to be exposed to these technologies. The role of family and how kids are taught to interact with media will determine to what extent media can socialize or re-socialize its children (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.b).
Resocialization is a process where the individual modifies or removes old patterns of behaviors learned in previous socialization that were or were not useful and replace them with new ones that fit them better helping them to adapt to new circumstances or new life roles (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.b). An example can be a college student that graduate and is hired in a supervision job position. The individual will abandon the college life socialization rules and will have to re-socialize at the workplace and new life role as a team group supervisor. Other example can be a high school graduate who enrolls in the army.
Griffiths & Keirns (n.d.c) define groups as collections of at least 2 people that gather and interact regularly and share common identity aligned to the group. Groups can be categorized in two types: primary groups and secondary groups. Primary groups are small long-term emotional and face-to-face interaction and play a critical role in expressive functions in the individual. An example of my social experience is my eight-member family that shared common behaviors at home and where I learned the most fundamental values that have accompanied me during my life. Secondary groups, on the other hand, are larger and more impersonal collection of people. Therefore, their role is goal-oriented and time bound. Secondary groups serve an instrumental function in the individual. An example of my social experience is the three-year Middle-school classroom in which I learned to meet deadlines, complete a significant number of tasks in different subjects, including a sport hobby.
With the application of science to solve daily life problems called technology some issues arose as the result of inequalities and unequal access to technology which is known as digital divide. The preexistent gap in information born in the build of groups grew bigger among the groups that did not have access to technology. Media also was monopolized or affected and consolidated as a consequence of fewer owners controlling media hence the type of information, quantity, and quality. Moreover, the practice of panoptic surveillance or constant monitoring which prevented the posts’ central observation from being contacted directly. For many, the cross-cultural exchange of ideas was also an issue because it attempted to destroy the basis of regional cultures, and its implicit values and traditions. Social movements like the neo-Luddites formed as a representation of the coldness of modern life encouraged by technology; and technophiles who instead, believed technology was a potential for a brighter future. And lastly, the planned obsolescence economic strategy, which was meant to put aside the importance of values such as the human worth, healthy life, ethical behavior in innovation, spiritual beliefs, and human rights overall, to become a one end economy order system, the production of goods. A practical example is the creation of electronics such as mobile phones and other outlets with limited lifespan (within 2-3 years). These products consume a significant number of natural resources for their production. Consumerism contributes to sending toxic residuals to the environment during their manufacturing and once discarded in such a short time, they are hardly biodegradable or recyclable adding a persistent pain to the environment hence affecting human health and quality life. Phones that are not replaced within that lapse of time run the risk of being outdated and expelled from brands after sales services (The Story of Stuff Project, 2009).
Violations of contextual, cultural, or social norms are called a deviance. Deviance, however, does not imply committing a crime which falls within the category of crime per se which violates formal laws and are punishable. For example, not criminal deviance can be walking into a church half naked, treating an old couple disrespectfully and taking their turn in the line, and not using netiquette on social media. Even though these behaviors will receive social punishment, they are not punishable crimes in the law. Crimes, on the other hand, can be punishable causing the perpetrator to be arrested or sued, but not always crimes are deviant. For example, a crime that is not deviant can be hiring a prostitute service which might be accepted among a group of male friends, but it encourages mistreatment of women and sexual abuse, and transmission of fatal diseases such as AIDS or else (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.d).
Word count: 1252
References:
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.). Chapter 3 Introduction to culture. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/3-introduction-to-culture
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.b). Chapter 5 Introduction to socialization. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://oenstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/5-introduction-to-socialization
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.c). Chapter 6 Introduction to groups and organizations. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/6-introduction-to-groups-and-organizations
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.d). Chapter 7 Introduction to deviance, crime, and social control. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/7-introduction-to-deviance-crime-and-social-control
The Story of Stuff Project. (2009). The story of stuff [video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/9GorqroigqM?si=luJ8Ho5Z3lgwbHai
SOC101 Introduction to Sociology – Unit 2 Culture, The Socialized Self, and the Individual in Society
Discussion Forum 2
by Elvia Luisa Guerra
Culture is a conjunction of shared practices, values, traditions, and beliefs (including religion) that participants learn in society. According to Griffiths & Keirns (n.d.), society refers to a group of people that share a common culture; that is a community, and understanding community as a definable region, be it a neighborhood, a country, or similar. So, while culture are behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions, a society is the group of people that share those behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions. People that celebrate the American Independence Day on July 4th is an example of society, while gathering in open spaces to watch the fireworks late at night, painting their faces with the USA flag, and cheering are the values and tradition that they share in their community or culture. Another example of society can be the Islamic community in different countries in the world, especially in Arab countries which is a group of people that celebrate the Ramadan month and fast once a year. Restraining from eating and drinking during daylight time, spending more time on prayers, attending the Mosques, and gathering with family and friends to eat are the common behaviors or culture of the Muslim society.
In the lifelong process of socialization, which is critical for the individual’s development and their communities, some experts assert that people’s culture and relationships are the result entirely of genetic heritage. The role that genetic heritage plays on the individual behavior is called nature role and directly influence our temperament, preferences, abilities, and personality. Moreover, aspects like heritable differences like dominant and recessive genes can cause genetic variation too hence variations in the nature role. Other experts argue that people are the result of socialization in specific social groups and their culture and beliefs. The role that the environment plays on the individual is called the nurture role and potentially affect their personality and even decisions. Nevertheless, although genetics or nature will determine in a high degree personality traits, this is subject to strong variations depending on what conditions in the environment nurture the individual causing different outcomes (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.b).
Consequently, different groups of socialization such as family, peers, and media will shape the way children learn to use their genetic heritage or personality. Family is generally the most influential group of socialization and play a relevant role in creating patterns of behavior in the new individual that instilled during the first five years of life, it will last for the rest of their life. Furthermore, it is the family that teaches the child basic behaviors and how to socialize with friends and the external world such as media. Family contribution to the child relies on financial position, social class, education level, ethnicity, and religion among other factors. Peers is the socialization group that is composed by kids of approximately the same age, activities, and common interests. In this group, kids learn society rules such as respecting rules in the group, considering other kids’ decisions and taking turns, etc. Peers belong to external social groups which encourage independence from family as well. Media for kids can encompass television, radio, newspapers and magazines, and the internet. Media can re-socialize kids and even change social norms depending on the time they are allowed to be exposed to these technologies. The role of family and how kids are taught to interact with media will determine to what extent media can socialize or re-socialize its children (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.b).
Resocialization is a process where the individual modifies or removes old patterns of behaviors learned in previous socialization that were or were not useful and replace them with new ones that fit them better helping them to adapt to new circumstances or new life roles (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.b). An example can be a college student that graduate and is hired in a supervision job position. The individual will abandon the college life socialization rules and will have to re-socialize at the workplace and new life role as a team group supervisor. Other example can be a high school graduate who enrolls in the army.
Griffiths & Keirns (n.d.c) define groups as collections of at least 2 people that gather and interact regularly and share common identity aligned to the group. Groups can be categorized in two types: primary groups and secondary groups. Primary groups are small long-term emotional and face-to-face interaction and play a critical role in expressive functions in the individual. An example of my social experience is my eight-member family that shared common behaviors at home and where I learned the most fundamental values that have accompanied me during my life. Secondary groups, on the other hand, are larger and more impersonal collection of people. Therefore, their role is goal-oriented and time bound. Secondary groups serve an instrumental function in the individual. An example of my social experience is the three-year Middle-school classroom in which I learned to meet deadlines, complete a significant number of tasks in different subjects, including a sport hobby.
With the application of science to solve daily life problems called technology some issues arose as the result of inequalities and unequal access to technology which is known as digital divide. The preexistent gap in information born in the build of groups grew bigger among the groups that did not have access to technology. Media also was monopolized or affected and consolidated as a consequence of fewer owners controlling media hence the type of information, quantity, and quality. Moreover, the practice of panoptic surveillance or constant monitoring which prevented the posts’ central observation from being contacted directly. For many, the cross-cultural exchange of ideas was also an issue because it attempted to destroy the basis of regional cultures, and its implicit values and traditions. Social movements like the neo-Luddites formed as a representation of the coldness of modern life encouraged by technology; and technophiles who instead, believed technology was a potential for a brighter future. And lastly, the planned obsolescence economic strategy, which was meant to put aside the importance of values such as the human worth, healthy life, ethical behavior in innovation, spiritual beliefs, and human rights overall, to become a one end economy order system, the production of goods. A practical example is the creation of electronics such as mobile phones and other outlets with limited lifespan (within 2-3 years). These products consume a significant number of natural resources for their production. Consumerism contributes to sending toxic residuals to the environment during their manufacturing and once discarded in such a short time, they are hardly biodegradable or recyclable adding a persistent pain to the environment hence affecting human health and quality life. Phones that are not replaced within that lapse of time run the risk of being outdated and expelled from brands after sales services (The Story of Stuff Project, 2009).
Violations of contextual, cultural, or social norms are called a deviance. Deviance, however, does not imply committing a crime which falls within the category of crime per se which violates formal laws and are punishable. For example, not criminal deviance can be walking into a church half naked, treating an old couple disrespectfully and taking their turn in the line, and not using netiquette on social media. Even though these behaviors will receive social punishment, they are not punishable crimes in the law. Crimes, on the other hand, can be punishable causing the perpetrator to be arrested or sued, but not always crimes are deviant. For example, a crime that is not deviant can be hiring a prostitute service which might be accepted among a group of male friends, but it encourages mistreatment of women and sexual abuse, and transmission of fatal diseases such as AIDS or else (Griffiths & Keirns, n.d.d).
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References:
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.). Chapter 3 Introduction to culture. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/3-introduction-to-culture
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.b). Chapter 5 Introduction to socialization. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://oenstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/5-introduction-to-socialization
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.c). Chapter 6 Introduction to groups and organizations. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/6-introduction-to-groups-and-organizations
Griffiths, H. & Keirns, N. (n.d.d). Chapter 7 Introduction to deviance, crime, and social control. Heather Griffiths and Nathan Keirns for OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/7-introduction-to-deviance-crime-and-social-control
The Story of Stuff Project. (2009). The story of stuff [video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/9GorqroigqM?si=luJ8Ho5Z3lgwbHai
1. What is the difference between curture and society?
Culture is an habitual practice of a people in a certain region, that share common rhings.
Society is in a larger contest, people that have in common and larger context. Like a society of a country.
2. Nature is the way things are born and found in their natural state. Whereas nurture, on the other hand, has to do with raising and nurtuning in accordance with the social dictates. A child can be born anywhere but its social development will depend in the environment of individual interactions.
3. Family is primary source for any child to grow, and find comfort. Peers and friends may enfazise the cultural and social norms of the society to be learned.
4. Resocialization occurs when people have to be re-educated and then put back in the society with newer social concepts.
5. Primary group is the one that is in close contact ,like family. The secondary group is the friendly alliance.
6.The technology inequalities consist in that not everybody has access to the means of acquiring technology for any support in a world where technology makes a great difference. For example, to own a computer and have it connected to the internet has to be for people who can afford to extra financial bulk.
7. There are deviant acts that can disfavor and disqualify a person, yet non-criminal. Such is the case of waring rings in the nose or ears. The other is that of non-offensive but criminal. Example is of driving under influence of intoxicating drugs.
Culture is an habitual practice of a people in a certain region, that share common rhings.
Society is in a larger contest, people that have in common and larger context. Like a society of a country.
2. Nature is the way things are born and found in their natural state. Whereas nurture, on the other hand, has to do with raising and nurtuning in accordance with the social dictates. A child can be born anywhere but its social development will depend in the environment of individual interactions.
3. Family is primary source for any child to grow, and find comfort. Peers and friends may enfazise the cultural and social norms of the society to be learned.
4. Resocialization occurs when people have to be re-educated and then put back in the society with newer social concepts.
5. Primary group is the one that is in close contact ,like family. The secondary group is the friendly alliance.
6.The technology inequalities consist in that not everybody has access to the means of acquiring technology for any support in a world where technology makes a great difference. For example, to own a computer and have it connected to the internet has to be for people who can afford to extra financial bulk.
7. There are deviant acts that can disfavor and disqualify a person, yet non-criminal. Such is the case of waring rings in the nose or ears. The other is that of non-offensive but criminal. Example is of driving under influence of intoxicating drugs.