Garage Location Selection for Public Transportation System in Istanbul
Read this article. The study covered uses various tools to determine the best location for bus garages to operate including maintenance and repair activities. Focus on Figure 1 in the Methodology section as it visually demonstrates the analytical process.
Literature Review
In this study, the axiomatic design method is used to solve the garage location selection problem for Istanbul. The linguistic expressions of experts are taken into consideration and the criteria weights are calculated by using Buckley’s fuzzy AHP method. In this section, the literature review about axiomatic design applications integrated with other MCDM methods, location selection studies, and group decision making (GDM) applications are presented.
In the last ten years, especially, AD has a chance to be applied in many different fields and it is continuously improving with the addition of new developments. So far, AD has found a chance to be used in a wide range. It is used for the design of software systems, quality design, manufacturing systems, flexible manufacturing systems, cellular manufacturing systems, and equipment selection.
C. Kahraman, I. Kaya, and S. Cebi suggest fuzzy MCDM methodologies for selection among renewable energy alternatives. The author use fuzzy AHP to evaluate the experts’ scores and fuzzy AD to evaluate the alternatives under objective or subjective criteria with respect to the functional requirements obtained from experts. T. Kaya and C. Kahraman aim to propose an environmental impact assessment methodology based on an integrated fuzzy AHP-ELECTRE (Elimination and Choice Translating Reality English) approach in the context of urban industrial planning. M. Celik, S. Cebi, C. Kahraman, and I. D. Er propose a hybrid approach on ensuring the competitiveness requirements for major Turkish container ports by utilizing fuzzy AD and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methodologies to manage strategic decision making with incomplete information. B. Özel and B. Özyörük discuss supplier selection problem for a white goods manufacturer and AD method is proposed for the solution of the problem. S. Cebi and C. Kahraman develop a decision support system (DSS) based on fuzzy information axiom (FIA) in order to make decision procedure easy. M. Celik, C. Kahraman, S. Cebi, and I. D. Er investigate a systematic evaluation model on docking facilities of shipyards to provide a decision aid for technical ship managers and to perform this responsibility in an efficient manner and fuzzy AD approach is used for selection among shipyards. O. Kulak and C. Kahraman realize the selection of the best company under determined criteria using both multiattribute AD and AHP. The fuzzy multiattribute AD approach is also developed and it is compared by one of the fuzzy AHP methods in the literature. T. Özcan, N. Çelebi, and Ş. Esnaf compare AHP, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, and Grey Theory methodologies in terms of main characteristic of decision theory and thus advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies are offered. Then these methodologies are used on warehouse selection problem. A. Awasthi, S. S. Chauhan, and S. K. Goyal present an application of fuzzy TOPSIS that is one of the MCDM approaches for location planning for urban distribution centers under uncertainty. Y. Li, X. Liu, and Y. Chen propose a comprehensive methodology for the selection of logistic center location. The proposed methodology consists of axiomatic fuzzy set clustering method to effectively evaluate logistics center location and TOPSIS-based final selection. Y. Kayikci aims to develop a conceptual model 10 based on a combination of the fuzzy AHP and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods in the process of decision making in order to select the most appropriate location. M. S. Kuo proposes a new hybrid method combining the concepts of fuzzy DEMATEL and a new method of fuzzy MCDM in a fuzzy environment to solve the problems of international distribution center location selection. Ö. N. Alp, N. Demirtaş, H. Baraçlı, and U. R. Tuzkaya study a garage location selection problem for a firm in urban passenger transport sector in Istanbul. When the problem is investigated, it will be noticed that there are lots of criteria that must be taken into account to minimize the dead kilometers. Hence, firstly, the criteria are determined and then the problem is solved using MCDM techniques.
S.-Y. Chou, Y.-H. Chang, and C.-Y. Shen present a new fuzzy multiple attributes decision making (FMADM) approach. The proposed system integrates fuzzy set theory, the factor rating system, and simple additive weighting to evaluate facility location alternatives.C. Kahraman, D. Ruan, and I. Doǧan aim to solve facility location problems using different solution approaches of fuzzy multiattribute GDM. The paper includes four different fuzzy multiattribute GDM approaches. These approaches are extended to select the best facility location alternative by taking into account quantitative and qualitative criteria. A short comparative analysis among the approaches and a numeric example to each approach are given. J. Ma, J. Lu, and G. Zhang established a fuzzy MCGDM model that aggregates both subjective and objective information under multilevel hierarchies of criteria. They try to increase the level of overall satisfaction for the final decision across the group and deal with uncertainty in decision process. A fuzzy MCGDM decision support system (called Decider) is developed, which can handle information expressed in linguistic terms to assess and rank a set of alternatives within a group of decision makers. G. Zhang and J. Lu propose an integrated fuzzy GDM method in order to deal with the fuzziness of preference of decision makers. This method allows group members to express fuzzy preferences for alternatives and individual judgments for solution selection criteria to decide the weights of group members. And T. Chen focuses on long-term load forecasting for Taiwan case by using collaborative fuzzy-neural approach. Multiple experts construct their own fuzzy back propagation networks from various viewpoints to forecast the long-term load in a country. Then, the fuzzy intersection is applied to aggregate these long-term load forecasts.
The literature includes many MCDM techniques integrations for various areas as mentioned above. Ö. N. Alp, N. Demirtaş, H. Baraçlı, and U. R. Tuzkaya also studied the bus garage location selection but the selection is realized by combining fuzzy AHP and PROMETHEE techniques in this study. Even though fuzzy AHP and fuzzy AD techniques are combined for solving the decision making problems of the different areas, they are not used in a garage location selection problem according to our literature research. Also, it is difficult to come across with a decision support system for a garage location selection among the city logistics and public transportation studies. The novelty of this study is not only applying this integrated methodology to a garage location selection as an unstudied area, but also bringing numerous criteria together to realize a comprehensive evaluation for public transportation system. Furthermore proposed method can be used as a decision support system by the local authorities and the other decision makers who are not familiar with these decision making methods, since the ADSolver software is developed by the authors with a user-friendly interface. It makes all the mathematical calculations of solution process easy.
In the last ten years, especially, AD has a chance to be applied in many different fields and it is continuously improving with the addition of new developments. So far, AD has found a chance to be used in a wide range. It is used for the design of software systems, quality design, manufacturing systems, flexible manufacturing systems, cellular manufacturing systems, and equipment selection.
C. Kahraman, I. Kaya, and S. Cebi suggest fuzzy MCDM methodologies for selection among renewable energy alternatives. The author use fuzzy AHP to evaluate the experts’ scores and fuzzy AD to evaluate the alternatives under objective or subjective criteria with respect to the functional requirements obtained from experts. T. Kaya and C. Kahraman aim to propose an environmental impact assessment methodology based on an integrated fuzzy AHP-ELECTRE (Elimination and Choice Translating Reality English) approach in the context of urban industrial planning. M. Celik, S. Cebi, C. Kahraman, and I. D. Er propose a hybrid approach on ensuring the competitiveness requirements for major Turkish container ports by utilizing fuzzy AD and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methodologies to manage strategic decision making with incomplete information. B. Özel and B. Özyörük discuss supplier selection problem for a white goods manufacturer and AD method is proposed for the solution of the problem. S. Cebi and C. Kahraman develop a decision support system (DSS) based on fuzzy information axiom (FIA) in order to make decision procedure easy. M. Celik, C. Kahraman, S. Cebi, and I. D. Er investigate a systematic evaluation model on docking facilities of shipyards to provide a decision aid for technical ship managers and to perform this responsibility in an efficient manner and fuzzy AD approach is used for selection among shipyards. O. Kulak and C. Kahraman realize the selection of the best company under determined criteria using both multiattribute AD and AHP. The fuzzy multiattribute AD approach is also developed and it is compared by one of the fuzzy AHP methods in the literature. T. Özcan, N. Çelebi, and Ş. Esnaf compare AHP, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, and Grey Theory methodologies in terms of main characteristic of decision theory and thus advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies are offered. Then these methodologies are used on warehouse selection problem. A. Awasthi, S. S. Chauhan, and S. K. Goyal present an application of fuzzy TOPSIS that is one of the MCDM approaches for location planning for urban distribution centers under uncertainty. Y. Li, X. Liu, and Y. Chen propose a comprehensive methodology for the selection of logistic center location. The proposed methodology consists of axiomatic fuzzy set clustering method to effectively evaluate logistics center location and TOPSIS-based final selection. Y. Kayikci aims to develop a conceptual model 10 based on a combination of the fuzzy AHP and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods in the process of decision making in order to select the most appropriate location. M. S. Kuo proposes a new hybrid method combining the concepts of fuzzy DEMATEL and a new method of fuzzy MCDM in a fuzzy environment to solve the problems of international distribution center location selection. Ö. N. Alp, N. Demirtaş, H. Baraçlı, and U. R. Tuzkaya study a garage location selection problem for a firm in urban passenger transport sector in Istanbul. When the problem is investigated, it will be noticed that there are lots of criteria that must be taken into account to minimize the dead kilometers. Hence, firstly, the criteria are determined and then the problem is solved using MCDM techniques.
S.-Y. Chou, Y.-H. Chang, and C.-Y. Shen present a new fuzzy multiple attributes decision making (FMADM) approach. The proposed system integrates fuzzy set theory, the factor rating system, and simple additive weighting to evaluate facility location alternatives.C. Kahraman, D. Ruan, and I. Doǧan aim to solve facility location problems using different solution approaches of fuzzy multiattribute GDM. The paper includes four different fuzzy multiattribute GDM approaches. These approaches are extended to select the best facility location alternative by taking into account quantitative and qualitative criteria. A short comparative analysis among the approaches and a numeric example to each approach are given. J. Ma, J. Lu, and G. Zhang established a fuzzy MCGDM model that aggregates both subjective and objective information under multilevel hierarchies of criteria. They try to increase the level of overall satisfaction for the final decision across the group and deal with uncertainty in decision process. A fuzzy MCGDM decision support system (called Decider) is developed, which can handle information expressed in linguistic terms to assess and rank a set of alternatives within a group of decision makers. G. Zhang and J. Lu propose an integrated fuzzy GDM method in order to deal with the fuzziness of preference of decision makers. This method allows group members to express fuzzy preferences for alternatives and individual judgments for solution selection criteria to decide the weights of group members. And T. Chen focuses on long-term load forecasting for Taiwan case by using collaborative fuzzy-neural approach. Multiple experts construct their own fuzzy back propagation networks from various viewpoints to forecast the long-term load in a country. Then, the fuzzy intersection is applied to aggregate these long-term load forecasts.
The literature includes many MCDM techniques integrations for various areas as mentioned above. Ö. N. Alp, N. Demirtaş, H. Baraçlı, and U. R. Tuzkaya also studied the bus garage location selection but the selection is realized by combining fuzzy AHP and PROMETHEE techniques in this study. Even though fuzzy AHP and fuzzy AD techniques are combined for solving the decision making problems of the different areas, they are not used in a garage location selection problem according to our literature research. Also, it is difficult to come across with a decision support system for a garage location selection among the city logistics and public transportation studies. The novelty of this study is not only applying this integrated methodology to a garage location selection as an unstudied area, but also bringing numerous criteria together to realize a comprehensive evaluation for public transportation system. Furthermore proposed method can be used as a decision support system by the local authorities and the other decision makers who are not familiar with these decision making methods, since the ADSolver software is developed by the authors with a user-friendly interface. It makes all the mathematical calculations of solution process easy.