I've learned that in English, You can use parts of speech to form a phrase.
so, I'm going to give you a short text as an example with 10 main points of what i learned so far.
my example short text :
My cat is cute. It eats lots of tuna. It plays with a yarn-ball.
now, here are the 10 main points to describe each parts of speech shown :
1- My : it's considered as "possessive adjective" you use this to describe something that belongs to you or others, ex. my cat or your cat.
2- Cat : that is called a "noun". A noun can be a person, an animal, a city or a place. that is also known as the "subject" of the sentence.
note: tuna is also considered as a noun.
3- is : that is a "linking verb". It's from the "verb to be" family. we use it to connect the subject (cat) to its adjective (cute).
4- cute : that is an "adjective". we use adjectives to describe the noun (cat) or giving more information about it (its shape, color, etc.).
5- It : that is a "pronoun". A pronoun is something that can replace the noun. I used "it" to replace the noun "cat".
6- eats \ plays : those are "lexical verbs or main verbs". we use main verbs to describe an action the subject (cat\it) is doing.
7- lots of : we use it to describe the amount of an uncountable noun (tuna).
note: that is not considered as one of the traditional or main parts of speech but I've included it for explanation.
8- with : that is a "preposition". we use it to show the relation between the verb (plays) and the noun (a yarn-ball).
9- a : that is an "article". we use it to introduce a singular noun.
10- yarn-ball : that is a "compound noun". it's joining two words together to form a new noun.