If we want to learn how to read and write in standard English, it is necessary to know the what are the eight parts of speech. Each part is like an element of the language. These elements must to be in the right position in order to make sense and send the message that we want to transmit.
The nouns are words that describes a thing, a place, a person or an idea. It may be simple if you think about physical stuff like an object, a human being that has a name or some place like a beach or a kitchen. But can be harder when you think about an idea. For example: a day. The word day may seem easy to identify as a noun (which is really is). But I don't think is that easy.
The nouns are parts of the speech that everyone will use a lot. So it would be very upsetting if we were obligated to repeat the same nouns several times. Then we use the pronouns to replace the nouns, like those words: she, he, it, we, they, them. Also the nouns can be described by adjectives. And if we want to add more details, the adjectives can describe other adjectives.
The verbs are words that describes an action or a state. I don't think it is trivial to identify a state also. The verbs can be described by adverbs. And adverbs can also be described by other adverbs.
The are conjunctions are words that connect sentences. The sentences can have relationships that can be expressed by the prepositions. The interjections are used to express emotions and surprise.
Despite the fact that we are studying the eight parts of speech, there is actually nine parts, because we can't forget about the articles. These are words used to introduce the nouns in the sentences, like the words: a, an and the.