There are 8 parts of speech : Nouns (names of people, places and things), Pronouns (replaces a noun), verbs ( shows action or state), adverbs (describes a verb, adjectives or other adverbs), conjunctions, (joining sentences and phrases), adjectives (describes a noun) interjections (shows emotions), preposition (shows position of a noun). Also we have articles (a, an and the) which helps in forming phrases for example noun phrases like ;the sun, an apple etc.
Identification of parts of speech in a sentence
Brian is cooking while Jane is cleaning the house.
Nouns: Brian, Jane, house
Verbs :cooking, cleaning
Conjunction :while
Adverbs :is
Article :the