Examples of parts of speech include nouns (cat, apartment), pronouns (he, they, it), verbs (live, go), adjectives (small, cute), adverbs (always, quickly), conjunctions (and, but), and prepositions (in, to).
From the Parts of Speech lesson, I learned that pronouns replace nouns depending on their role (like “Robert lives in a small apartment -> He loves living in it”), adjectives can come before nouns or after linking verbs (like “The cat is cute but it is picky”), and adverbs describe verbs and can move in the sentence (like “They always go to work together”)