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  • PRDV008: Preparing and Delivering Presentations
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    Course Introduction
    Course Syllabus
    Unit 1: The Elements of Communication
    1.1: Presenting to an Audience
    The Benefits of Learning How to Speak Publicly
    1.2: The Communication Model
    The Communication Process
    Communication Models
    1.3: Feedback
    Reading Audience Feedback
    1.4: Context and Interference
    The Communications Process
    Transactional Model of Communication
    Unit 2: Analyze Your Audience
    2.1: Audience Analysis
    What Is Audience Analysis?
    Audience Analysis for Public Speaking
    How to Conduct Audience Analysis
    2.2: Choosing the Right Language
    The Importance of Language
    Word Choice
    Language
    2.3: Using Inclusive Language
    Inclusive Language
    2.4: Using Simple Language
    Using the Right Tone
    Unit 3: Making Your Presentation Relevant
    3.1: How to Choose Your Topic
    Choosing a Topic
    3.2: Topics That Are Relevant to You
    Finding and Selecting a Topic
    How to Choose a Topic
    3.3: Topics That Are Relevant to the Audience
    Choosing a Relevant Topic
    3.4: Topics That Are Relevant to the Occasion
    Consider the Occasion
    Unit 4: Structuring Your Presentation
    4.1: General Purpose-Presentations
    Finding Your Purpose
    4.1.1: Presenting to Inform
    Informative Speeches
    Example of an Informative Speech
    4.1.2: Presenting to Persuade
    Persuasive Speeches
    How to Use Rhetoric to Get What You Want
    4.1.3: Presenting to Entertain
    Entertaining Speeches
    4.2: Specific-Purpose Presentations
    Specific Purposes
    Developing Your Specific Purpose
    4.3: Writing a Thesis
    Developing Your Thesis
    Establishing a Purpose and a Thesis
    The Goal of Your Thesis
    4.4: Main Points and Speech Patterns
    Determine Your Main Points
    Common Speech Patterns
    4.5: Topic Sentences
    Topic Sentences
    Creating a Topic Sentence
    4.6: Sub-points
    Distinguishing Main Points and Sub-claims
    4.7: Introductions and Conclusions
    Why Introductions Matter
    Parts of an Introduction
    How to Write an Introduction
    Introductions
    Why Conclusions Matter
    4.8: Getting the Audience's Attention
    Incorporating an Attention-Getter
    How to Begin Your Speech
    Steps for Creating a Conclusion
    Parts of a Conclusion
    4.9: Transitions
    The Importance of Transitions
    Keep Your Speech Moving
    Incorporating Transitions
    Unit 5: Providing Supporting Content
    5.1: Types of Supporting Content
    Researching and Supporting Your Speech
    5.2: Facts and Statistics
    Finding Relevant Facts and Statistics
    How Statistics Can Mislead
    How to Spot a Bad Statistic
    5.3: Examples and Stories
    Using Examples
    Using Your Life Experience
    How to Tell a Great Story
    Keys to Great Storytelling
    5.4: Using Credible Sources
    Credibility Appeals
    Ethics, Plagiarism, and Reliable Sources
    Credibility and Trustworthiness of Online Sources
    5.5: Finding Appropriate Sources
    Research Strategies
    Gathering Reliable Information
    Using Sources to Find More Sources
    Evaluating Sources for Credibility
    5.6: Critically Analyzing Your Research
    Evaluating the Accuracy of a Source
    Using SIFT to Evaluate Sources for Credibility
    Media Literacy
    Evaluating the Credibility of a Website
    Evaluating Sources
    Evaluating Sources for Audience and Purpose
    5.7: Citing Your Sources
    Using Sources Ethically
    Common Citation Formats
    How to Cite Your Sources
    Oral Citations
    Unit 6: Creating Your Presentation Aids
    6.1: Why Use Presentation Aids?
    Designing a Presentation
    Organizing a Visual Presentation
    6.2: Design Elements
    Designing Visual Aids
    Incorporating Effective Visuals
    Unit 7: Delivering Your Presentation
    7.1: Examples of Great Presenters
    A Traditional Address
    Using Pauses to Captivate
    The Great Communicator
    7.2: Nonverbal Presentation Skills
    Nonverbal Communication
    7.3: Using Your Voice
    Your Vocal Toolbox
    Speaking and Voice
    Using Your Voice Effectively in Speech
    The Danger of Silence
    7.4: Voice Dynamics
    Effective Vocal Delivery
    Vocal Delivery
    Pump Up the Volume
    7.5: Pacing
    Adjusting Your Pace
    7.6: Conversational Tone
    Using Tone to Engage
    7.7: Fluency
    Using Fluency to Engage
    Fluency and Voice Dynamics
    7.8: Using Your Body
    Recharge Your Vocal Energy with Movement
    Facial Expressions
    7.9: Gestures
    What to Do with Your Hands
    Using Gestures for Effect
    7.10: Eye Contact
    Mastering Eye Contact
    Unit 8: Categories of Presentation Delivery
    8.1: Types of Presentations
    Four Methods of Delivery
    Delivering a Speech
    8.2: Impromptu Presentations
    How to Give an Impromptu Speech
    8.3: Extemporaneous Presentations
    Extemporaneous Speeches
    How to Give an Extemporaneous Speech
    8.4: Manuscript Presentations
    Speaking from a Manuscript
    8.5: Memorized Presentations
    Why You Should Not Memorize Your Speech
    Unit 9: Speaking to an Online Audience
    9.1: Presenting Online
    Online Public Speaking
    9.2: Guidelines for Online Presentations
    Best Practices for Presenting Online
    How to Setup a Home Speech Space
    Recording Your Online Presentation
    9.3: Lighting
    Setting Up Good Lighting
    Lighting Tips
    9.4: Background
    Creating Your Visual Background
    9.5: Sound and Vocal Delivery
    Maintaining a Conversational Tone
    9.6: Eye Contact
    Maintaining Eye Contact with an Online Audience
    9.7: Movement
    Dress and Posture
    Seven Tips for Presenting Online
    9.8: Using Visual Aids during an Online Presentation
    Giving PowerPoint Presentations on Zoom
    Unit 10: Using Your Presentation Aids
    10.1: Prior to Your Presentation
    Using Your Presentation Aids
    Leveraging Your Media Options
    Presentation Aids That Distract
    Designing Effective Presentation Materials
    10.2: Revealing and Concealing Your Presentation Aids
    Using Visual Aids
    Contingency Planning
    Unit 11: Overcoming Anxiety and Uncertainty
    11.1: Reducing Anxiety of Public Presentations
    Communicating with a Live Audience
    How to Overcome Stage Fright
    Managing Speech Anxiety
    Speaking with Confidence
    Speaking Anxiety Tip Sheet
    Managing Anxiety
    11.2: Adapting to Your Audience
    Adapting to Your Audience
    11.3: Preparing for Questions from the Audience
    Managing Audience Questions
    Responding to Hostile Questions
    Tips for Handling Questions
    Course Feedback Survey
    Course Feedback Survey
    Certificate Final Exam
    PRDV008: Certificate Final Exam
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  1. PRDV008: Preparing and Delivering Presentations
  2. Unit 5: Providing Supporting Content
  3. 5.2: Facts and Statistics
  4. How Statistics Can Mislead

How Statistics Can Mislead

Completion requirements

Be sure to evaluate how the researchers conducted their investigations and made their conclusions. Watch this short video, which explains how statistics can misrepresent real-world situations.


Source: Mark Liddell, https://www.ted.com/talks/mark_liddell_how_statistics_can_be_misleading/transcript?language=en#t-246176
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Last modified: Monday, 16 September 2024, 2:11 PM
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Saylor Academy © 2010-2025 except as otherwise noted. Excluding course final exams, content authored by Saylor Academy is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Third-party materials are the copyright of their respective owners and shared under various licenses. See detailed licensing information. Saylor Academy®, Saylor.org®, and Harnessing Technology to Make Education Free® are trade names of the Constitution Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization through which our educational activities are conducted.