Tense refers to the time when the action takes place. It can be in the past, present, or future. For example, if we say "I eat," it shows present tense; "I ate" shows past tense; and "I will eat" shows future tense. Tense helps the listener or reader understand when something happens.
Aspect gives more detail about the action, especially its duration or completeness. There are four main aspects: simple, progressive (also called continuous), perfect, and perfect progressive. For instance, "She writes" is in the simple aspect, showing a general truth or habit. "She is writing" uses the progressive aspect, which shows that the action is happening right now. "She has written" uses the perfect aspect to show that the action is complete. And "She has been writing" uses the perfect progressive aspect to emphasize the duration of an ongoing action that has just recently finished or is still happening.
Mood expresses the speaker’s attitude toward what they’re saying. The indicative mood is used for stating facts or asking questions, such as "They are happy." The imperative mood gives commands or requests, like "Please sit down." The subjunctive mood is used for wishes, suggestions, or situations that are not real, such as "If I were you, I would study more." This helps express possibility, doubt, or hope.
