**Noun**: Refers to a person, place, thing, idea, or action. In a sentence, it can serve as the subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.
*Example*: dog, apple, book
**Adjective**: Describes, explains, or limits a noun or pronoun.
*Example*: faster, largest, shortest
**Pronoun**: Replaces a noun to avoid repetition in a sentence.
*Example*: she, he, it
**Verb**: Indicates the action or state of the subject in a sentence.
*Example*: swim, sing, work
**Adverb**: Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, providing additional details. Adverbs do not describe nouns.
*Example*: well, just, quickly
**Conjunction**: Connects words, phrases, or clauses within or between sentences.
*Example*: for, and, or
**Preposition**: Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
*Example*: after, before, during
**Interjection**: Expresses emotion or reaction to a situation.
*Example*: hey!, wow!, oops!