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  • POLSC101: Introduction to Political Science
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  • Types of Government: A Republic or a Democracy?
    Course Introduction
    Course Syllabus
    Unit 1: Foundational Concepts of Politics
    1.1: What Is Political Science?
    Introduction to Political Science
    1.2: What Does Political Science Study?
    Government and Politics
    From Crusader to Exemplar: Bush, Obama and the Reinvigoration of America's Soft Power
    Power and Authority
    1.3: Is Political Science a Science?
    Research in Political Science
    An Insider View on the Relevance of Political Scientists to Government
    1.4: Political Theory
    Constitutionalism
    Representation in Politics
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 2: Participation and Public Opinion
    2.1: Political Culture
    American Political Culture
    Political Culture
    2.2: Political Socialization and Public Opinion
    Political Socialization
    Political Culture and Socialization in the Information Age
    Public Opinion
    2.3: Media
    Media Influence on Laws and Government
    How Mass Media Forms Public Opinion
    2.4: Interest Groups
    The Interest Group System in American Government
    Interest Groups and the American Political System
    2.4.1: Power of Special Interests
    Lobbying, Special Interests, and "Buying" Influence
    The Bureaucracy: The Real Government
    2.5: Political Parties
    Political Parties
    The Role of Political Parties
    2.5.1: Two-Party vs. Multiparty Systems
    Political Party Systems
    The Two-Party System
    What if We Really Did Have a Multiparty Democracy?
    2.5.2: Comparing Parties and Interest Groups
    Political Parties, Interest Groups, and NGOs
    2.6: Elections
    Campaigns and Elections
    Voter Turnout Since 1945: A Global Report
    2.7: Other Forms of Participation
    Other Forms of Political Participation
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 3: Ideologies
    3.1.1: Democracy
    Types of Government: A Republic or a Democracy?
    The Moral Foundations of Politics: Democracy and Majority Rule
    3.1.1.1: Democratic Capitalism
    Capitalism in the United States
    3.1.1.2: Democratic Socialism
    Democratic Socialism
    What's up with Bernie Sanders and Democratic Socialism Anyway?
    3.1.2: Non-democratic Regimes
    Other Forms of Government
    3.1.2.1: Marxism and Communism
    The Marxist Critique of Capitalism
    The Communist Economic System
    3.1.2.2: Fascism and National Socialism
    Fascism
    Fascists
    National Socialism
    3.1.2.3: Islamism
    Islamism
    The Evolution of Political Islam
    3.2.1: Liberalism
    Liberalism
    3.2.1.1: Classical Liberalism
    Classical Liberalism
    3.2.1.2: Modern Liberalism
    American Liberalism
    3.2.1.3: Libertarianism
    3.2.2.1: Classical Conservatism
    Conservativism
    3.2.2.2: Modern Conservatism
    American Conservatism
    3.2.3: Feminism
    Feminism
    Feminism and Sexism
    3.2.4: Environmentalism
    Environmentalism
    What the US Can Learn from Germany's Stunning Environmental Movement
    3.2.5: Determining Your Own Political Philosophy
    The Traditional Political Spectrum
    Political Ideology
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 4: The State
    4.1: What is a State?
    Functions of the State
    Characteristics of the State
    Nation-States
    4.2: Origins of the State
    State Formation
    Constitutional Government
    4.3: The Future of the State
    Globalization and Culture: The Three H Scenarios
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 5: Political Institutions
    5.1: Federal vs. Unitary Forms of Government
    Divisions of Power
    Why Federalism Works (More or Less)
    5.2: Legislatures vs. Parliaments
    Legislatures
    Parliaments
    A Brief Comparison of the British House of Commons and the U.S. House of Representatives
    5.3: Presidents vs. Prime Ministers
    Types of Democracy
    The President's Many Roles
    Time to Elect the Prime Minister?
    5.4: Bureaucracy and Public Administration
    Bureaucracy
    5.5: Law and the Courts
    Courts
    The Judiciary
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 6: International Politics
    6.1: The International System
    The Peace of Westphalia
    The Challenges of the State System
    Theories of International Relations
    6.2.1: International Institutions and Actors
    The United Nations
    Post-Cold War International Relations
    Modern Foreign Policy: Collective Military Force
    6.2.2: Diplomacy
    Diplomacy Is...
    Public Diplomacy: Ideas for the War of Ideas
    6.2.3: Treaties and International Law
    The History of Public International Law
    Sources and Practice of International Law
    6.3.1: National Security and Thomas Hobbes
    Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
    Hobbes versus Locke: Redefining the War on Terror
    6.3.2: War and Terrorism
    War
    Peace
    The Nuclear Question, Revisited
    Just War Theory
    Terrorism
    6.3.3: Huntington's Clash of Civilizations
    Critique of "Clash of Civilizations"
    Small Worlds and the Clash of Civilizations
    6.3.4: Democratic Peace Theory
    The Ethical Dilemmas of the Democratic Peace Theory in Relation to Copenhagen
    6.4.1: Human Rights
    Overview of the Human Rights Framework
    Human Rights: Past Their Sell-By Date
    6.4.2: Humanitarian Aid and Intervention
    International Humanitarian Policies and Foreign Aid
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Study Guide
    POLSC101 Study Guide
    Course Feedback Survey
    Course Feedback Survey
    Certificate Final Exam
    POLSC101: Certificate Final Exam
    Archived Materials
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  1. POLSC101: Introduction to Political Science
  2. Unit 3: Ideologies
  3. 3.1: State Ideology
  4. 3.1.1: Democracy
  5. Types of Government: A Republic or a Democracy?

Types of Government: A Republic or a Democracy?

Completion requirements

Read this chapter through the "Other Forms of Government: Monarchy". When you finish, you should be familiar with the concepts of direct democracy, initiatives, referenda, republics, and illiberal democracies.

Click on Types of Government: A Republic or a Democracy? to open the resource.
Back to '3.1.1: Democracy'
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Saylor Academy © 2010-2025 except as otherwise noted. Excluding course final exams, content authored by Saylor Academy is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Third-party materials are the copyright of their respective owners and shared under various licenses. See detailed licensing information. Saylor Academy®, Saylor.org®, and Harnessing Technology to Make Education Free® are trade names of the Constitution Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization through which our educational activities are conducted.