Services Development and Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing

Read this working paper in the Policy Research Working Papers series put out by the World Bank. The authors argue that services have to compete for resources alongside manufacturing, with implications for export industries.

Figures and Tables

Appendix 1B

Appendix 1B: Total direct & indirect value added export (VAX) of business service, 1995-2007 

Country

     X

(gross export)

VAX

Ratio1 = 

VAX/X

dVAX

indVAX

Ratio2 = 

indVAX/dVAX

AUS

512

1128

2.20

250

879

3.60

AUT

1012

1184

1.17

579

604

1.11

BEL

1964

2657

1.35

964

1693

1.76

BGR

11

26

2.41

8

18

2.23

BRA

303

665

2.19

193

472

2.38

CAN

1322

2380

1.80

812

1568

1.93

CHN

1765

1921

1.09

757

1164

1.33

CYP

12

21

1.78

8

13

1.66

CZE

274

352

1.28

121

231

1.97

DEU

3821

12761

3.34

2596

10166

3.74

DNK

429

680

1.59

236

444

1.80

ESP

1576

1957

1.24

924

1033

1.08

EST

27

38

1.41

15

24

1.62

FIN

474

654

1.38

278

376

1.25

FRA

3138

8361

2.66

1801

6560

3.69

GBR

6748

9602

1.42

4635

4966

1.06

GRC

99

130

1.31

53

77

1.39

HUN

287

388

1.35

163

225

1.38

IDN

29

48

1.63

17

32

1.31

IND

1588

1279

0.81

1084

195

0.19

IRL

1563

1321

0.85

862

458

0.51

ITA

1713

4178

2.44

965

3212

3.29

JPN

1011

4660

4.61

608

4052

7.06

KOR

591

1624

2.75

374

1249

3.27

LTU

16

25

1.55

10

15

1.87

LUX

231

240

1.04

121

118

0.90

LVA

14

25

1.85

7

18

2.67

MEX

88

793

9.06

63

730

12.17

MLT

24

24

1.02

15

9

0.67

NLD

3266

3954

1.21

1896

2058

1.06

POL

258

511

1.98

148

363

2.28

PRT

175

299

1.70

92

206

2.16

ROM

106

119

1.12

52

66

1.23

RUS

72

524

7.27

45

480

12.01

SVK

85

121

1.42

43

78

1.86

SVN

50

99

2.00

27

72

2.68

SWE

1444

1903

1.32

811

1092

1.27

TUR

1.34

146

109.57

1

146

148.14

TWN

423

516

1.22

216

300

1.61

USA

9517

20777

2.18

6230

14547

2.20

ROW

9776

8234

0.84

5458

2776

0.51

TOTAL

55815

96323

1.73

33535

62788

1.87

Notes: The export values in this table are for business service sector (WIOD sector 30) in 100 million U.S. dollars at 2005 constant price, using the U.S. GDP deflator from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (website address: http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2). X is total gross exports. VAX is total value added exports. dVAX is direct value added exports. indVAX is indirect value added exports through other sectors.