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Before discussing Shor's algorithm, use this material to understand the basics of breaking RSA using classical techniques. Make sure to follow the worked example and ask yourself what could be done to determine the prime factors. Lastly, pay attention to the estimates of how long it should take to break RSA using classical approaches. These figures will become useful when comparing them to a quantum computer.
Source: Steven Gordon, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0mnkU0l7Dk This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.