Russian Turkestan
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This region has been controlled by the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Mongols, and the Ottomans. The Russian Empire conquered Central Asia to challenge the British Empire's influence in India and Southeast Asia. This area, called Russian Turkestan (see Figure 7.13) from 1867 to 1917, included Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Notice that Afghanistan, a protectorate of the British Empire, during this time, was not part of Russian Turkestan.
Figure 7.13 Russian Turkestan circa 1900. (Wassily, Translator: Molorco, Derivative work: HylgeriaK, 2009. CC BY-SA 3.0).
Source: Wassily, Translator: Molorco, Derivative work: HylgeriaK, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turkestan_1900-en.svg
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