ARTH101: Art Appreciation

Visual information – images from media and the environment around us – dominates our perception. Our eyes navigate us through a visual landscape all our lives, and we all make decisions based on how and what we see. Separating the subjective and objective ways we see helps us become more visually aware of our surroundings. Scientifically, the process of seeing results from light passing through the lens in our eye, then concentrating it on the retina at the back of the eye.

The retina has nerve cells that act like sponges, soaking up the information and sending it to the visual cortex of our brain. Here the light is converted to an image that we can perceive – the truth as we understand it to be. We are exposed to so much visual information every day, especially with the advent of mass media, that it is hard to process all of it into specific meaning. Being visually aware is more complicated than just the physical act of seeing because our perceptions are influenced by exterior factors, including our own prejudices, desires, and ideas about what the "truth" really is. Moreover, cultural ties to perception are many.

For example, let's look at three images that share one particular element – raised arms – and see how we perceive each one according to what we know about them.

Art is a resource for questioning our perceptions about how objects and ideas present themselves. The Belgian artist René Magritte used his easel as a soapbox to confront the viewer with confounding visual information.

As we mentioned earlier, there is a difference between looking and seeing. To look is to glance back and forth, aware of surface qualities in the things that come into our line of sight. To see is more about comprehending. After all, when we say "I see," we really mean that we understand. Seeing goes beyond appearances. So, as we confront the huge amounts of visual information coming at us, we start to make choices about what we keep and what we edit out.

We concentrate on that which has the most meaning for us: a street sign that helps us get home, a view of the mountains that lets us enjoy a part of nature's spectacle, or the computer screen that allows us to gather information, whether it is reading the content in this course or catching up on the day's news or emails.

Our gaze becomes more specific, and with that comes specific meaning. At this point, what we see becomes part of what we know. It is when we stop to contemplate what we see – the view of the mountain mentioned above, a portrait or simple visual composition that catches our eye – that we make reference to an aesthetic perception. That is when something is considered for its visual properties alone and their relation to our ideas of what is beautiful as a vehicle for meaning.

No matter how visually aware we are, visual clues hinder our ability to fully comprehend what we see. Words, either spoken or read as text, help fill in the blanks for understanding. They provide a context: a historical background, religious function, or other cultural significance to the art we are looking at.

We ask others for information about it or find it ourselves to help understand the meaning. In a museum or gallery, the wall may provide this link, or a source text, website, or someone knowledgeable about the art. Now that we have a basic understanding of what art is, the cultural roles it plays, and the different categories and styles it can belong to, we can begin to explore more specific physical and conceptual issues surrounding it. Let's start with the next module.

Saylor Academy Knowledge Check

Source: Christopher Gildow, http://opencourselibrary.org/art-100-art-appreciation/
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.