Exercise

Translate each of the following sentences into one of the four categorical forms (universal affirmative, universal negative, particular affirmative, particular negative). Make sure that the descriptions of the two categories are nouns or noun phrases (rather than adjectives or verbs).

  1. Real men wear pink.
  2. Dinosaurs are not birds.
  3. Birds evolved from dinosaurs. Chapter 2: Formal methods of evaluating arguments 124
  4. Some mammals are not predators.
  5. Some predators are not mammals.
  6. Not all who wander are lost.
  7. All presidents are not women.
  8. Boxers aren't rich.
  9. If someone is sleeping then they aren't conscious.
  10. If someone is conscious then they aren't sleeping.
  11. All's well that ends well.
  12. My friends are the only ones that care.
  13. Someone loves you.
  14. Jesus loves everyone.
  15. Jesus loves the little children.
  16. Some people don't love Jesus.
  17. Only pedestrians may use the Appalachian Trail.
  18. Only citizens can be president.
  19. Anyone who is a Hindu believes in God.
  20. Anything that is cheap is no good.
  21. Some expensive things are no good.
  22. Not all mammals have legs.
  23. There are couples without children.
  24. There are no people who hate chocolate.
  25. There are people who hate cats.
  26. Nothing that is sharp is safe.
  27. No poodle could run faster than a cheetah.
  28. No professional runner is slow.
  29.  Baboons aren't friendly.
  30. Pigs will eat anything.