Universal Statements and Existential Commitment

Read this section to learn about a potentially counter-intuitive relationship between universal and particular affirmatives – namely, one does not imply the other. This is because universal affirmatives do not contain an "existential commitment": a statement that there is anything in the category the universal affirmative references.

Complete the exercise, keeping in mind that universal affirmatives do not contain existential commitments. Check your validity answers against the key.