Research design and methodology

Cronbach's alpha

Tavakol and Dennick affirm that validity and reliability are two fundamental elements in the evaluation of a measurement instrument. Instruments can be conventional knowledge, skill or attitude tests, clinical simulations or survey questionnaires. Instruments can measure concepts, psychomotor skills, or affective values. Validity is the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure. Reliability is the ability of an instrument to measure consistently. Cronbach's alpha is the most widely used with the objective to measure reliability. The Cronbach's alpha values in Table 3 are all above 0.7, which is deemed to be reliable.

Q.No.

Pattern matrix

 

 

Factor

 

 

 

Cronbach's

 

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

alpha

Q19

Management actively promotes and supports SAP Bl.

0.923

-

-

-

-

-

 

Q18

Information culture is promoted within your directorate.

0.722

-

-

-

-

-

0.85

Q17

The organisation promotes information readiness.

0.684

0.323

-

-

-

-

 

Q07

Management promotes the usage of SAP Bl.

0.660

-

-

-

-

-

 

Q06

SAP Bl will improve service delivery.

-

0.766

-

-

-

-

 

Q01

You are comfortable in experimenting with new technology.

-

0.608

-

-

-

-

 

Q02

SAP Bl information quality is trustworthy.

-

0.569

-

-

-

-

 

Q20

SAP Bl benefits the public sector.

-

0.542

-

-

-

-

0.832

Q03

The performance is good when executing SAP Bl reports and dashboards.

-

0.451

-

-

-

-

 

Q25

Analytics usage will improve if placed on an individual's performance management scorecard.

-

0.345

-

-

0.312

 

 

Q15

The SAP Bl e-learning training is easy to find on the portal.

-

-

0.842

-

-

-

 

Q04

Obtaining SAP Bl access is straightforward.

-

-

0.744

-

-

-

 

Q05

It is easy to navigate, search and retrieve information in the SAP Bl tool.

-

-

0.733

-

-

-

0.745

Q16

The SAP Bl e-learning training is effective.

-

-

0.618

-

-

-

 

Q14

The SAP Bl dashboards and reports are easy to understand.

-

-

0.443

-

-

-

 

Qll

Your business requirements were adequately met in the newly developed reports.

-

-

-

0.975

-

-

0.824

Q10

The turnaround times for the SAP Bl development were satisfactory.

-

-

-

0.816

-

-

 

Q24

The technical support for SAP Bl issues is good.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Q23

You are required to use SAP Bl reporting as evidence for day-to-day business reporting activities.

-

-

-

-

0.840

-

 

Q22

You require the following reporting information to enable management decisions in HR, finance and KPI-related information.

-

-

-

-

0.554

-

0.712

Q09

You have requested a SAP Bl (report or dashboard) to be developed for your specific business needs.

-

-

-

-

0.459

-

 

Q21

SAP Bl provides your team with a competitive advantage.

-

-

-

-

0.450

 

 

Q13

The SAP Bl classroom-based training was effective.

-

-

-

-

-

0.841

 

Q12

You have received SAP Bl classroom-based training.

-

-

-

-

-

0.618

0.747

Q08

The SAP Bl implementation team considered your input when rolling-out SAP Bl in 2006.

-

-

-

-

-

0.338

 
 

TABLE 3: Factor analysis to determine underlying themes.

According to Tavakol and Dennick, the number of test items, item inter-relatedness, and dimensionality affect the value of alpha. Acceptable values of alpha range from 0.70 to 0.95. A low value of alpha could be because of a low number of questions and poor inter-relatedness between items. A low alpha should be revised or discarded. If alpha is too high, it may suggest redundancy. A maximum alpha value of 0.90 is recommended.

Table 3 shows the 'loadings' of each of the items on the factor.