Read these sections to learn how to round out arguments conceptually. The first section will distinguish between two types of argument: deductive and inductive. Pay careful attention to the difference between these two, and think about which kind of argument you use more often. The second section will help you identify arguments with a missing premise and determine how and when to supply this missing premise. It will also introduce you to the principle of charity and the difference between normative and descriptive statements – three very important terms! The third section shows you three rhetorical devices to hint at further argument without actually going through the argument: assuring, guarding, and discounting.
Complete the exercises, then check your answers against the keys.
Exercise
Which rhetorical techniques (assuring, guarding, discounting)
are being using in the following passages?
- Although drilling for oil in Alaska will disrupt some wildlife, it is better
than having to depend on foreign oil, which has the tendency to draw
us into foreign conflicts that we would otherwise not be involved in.
- Let there be no doubt: the entity that carried out this attack is a known
terrorist organization, whose attacks have a characteristic style - a style
that is seen in this attack today.
- Privatizing the water utilities in Detroit was an unprecedented move
that has garnered a lot of criticism. Nonetheless, it is helping Detroit
to recover from bankruptcy.
- Most pediatricians agree that the single most important factor in
childhood obesity is eating sugary, processed foods, which have
become all too common in our day and age.
- Although not every case of AIDS is caused by HIV, it is arguable that most are.
- Abraham Lincoln was probably our greatest president since he helped
keep together a nation on the brink of splintering into two.
- No one with any sense would support Obamacare.
- Even if universal healthcare is expensive, it is still the just thing to do.
- While our country has made significant strides in overcoming explicit
racist policies, the wide disparity of wealth, prestige and influence that
characterize white and black Americans shows that we are still
implicitly a racist country.
- Recent studies have show that there is no direct link between vaccines
and autism.